Calcium carbonate is one of the most essential minerals with multiple applications in diverse food, pharmaceutical, chemical, plastic, and paper industries that is generated by the press, mangle, deposition, and classification. In the simulation process mentioned in this research study, a mathematical model was provided to obtain dryer yield information. According to different methods of preparation and purification of this material, spray dryers are at the end of the process as dry goods market or required properties. For this reason, the first Kinetic of the material Drying obtained through the experiment and the momentum equations of suspended particles in the air, particle path differential equations in three dimensions, Reynolds number, heat, and mass transfer coefficients and then calculate the mass and energy balance for presenting a mathematical model has combined, for discover the accuracy of the model, the results compared with practical experiments. A concurrent spray dryer used in the laboratory and a computer programming language (MATLAB) were presented to compare the results of its execution with the experimental results to assess the software’s accuracy.

In the current research, a mixture of osmotic solutions for banana pieces at 10 mm thickness was performed in three temperature levels 35, 45 and 55 degrees centigrade, six time levels, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes and in different concentrations of sucrose in two levels (35%, 45%) and glucose in two levels (35%, 45%) and mixed of (20% sucrose and 25% glucose) and mixed of (25% sucrose and 20% glucose) in static condition. The ratio of osmotic solution to fruit was selected at two levels of 5 to 1 and 10 to 1. Water loss and solid gain values were calculated in different time intervals. Results demonstrated that the measure of water loss and solid gain straight was correlated with an increase in concentration, time and temperature of osmotic solution. Glucose osmotic solutions were with maximum contents of sugar gain and sucrose osmotic solutions with minimum measure of solid gain. (20% sucrose and 25% glucose) Osmotic solutions had the maximum contents of water loss average. Application of a mixture of 20% Sucrose+25%Glucose at 55oC and the ratio of 1.5 at 240 minutes was considered as the optimum or prime condition.

this paper presents a two-dimensional numerical analysis of an evaporative Drying process of the porous bodies in a row, considering effects of configuration on heat and mass transfer in assembly. Drying process simulation of three rectangular porous material subject to forced convection, was carried out by employing N-S, energy and concentration equations for external air flow; along with moisture conservation and energy equations for the porous zone. Numerical predictions indicate that the first porous body encountered with flow dries faster in comparison to the others, while for next bodies average moisture contents are approximately equal in all the Drying time. Moreover, it was observed that for the first body, both of top surface and opposite surface to the flow direction have equal importance in heat and mass transfer; while top surface of next bodies, have major role in Drying process. Also moisture and temperature profiles of the first body have shown essential difference with the other objects. It can be concluded that no significant change in heat and mass transfer and Drying rate will be achieved through the change in distance between porous bodies.

Leather manufacturing involves a crucial energy-intensive Drying stage in the finishing process to remove its residual moisture. Determining Drying characteristics of leather is vitally important so as to optimize the Drying stage. This paper describes an analytical way for determination of the Drying characteristics of leather. The model presented, is based on fundamental heat adn mass transfer equations. Variations in temperature and moisture content distribution is solved numerically using the finite difference method. The effects of operation parameters are examined using the model. The results of the parametric study provide a better understanding of the Drying mechanisms and may lead to a series of recommendations for leather Drying optimization. It opens the possibility for further investigations on description of relationships between model parameters and Drying conditions.

Drying of porous materials is a critical step in the production of many products such as ceramics, brick and tile. Quality of dried product is significantly influenced by Drying processes. The aim of the present work is modeling of convection Drying of a ceramic by using diffusion model. Material properties changes such as Young's modulus and shrinkage factor to moisture content are considered in simulation. Both two and three dimensional configurations have been investigated. The model is solved numerically by a finite element method. A significant difference was observed between the results obtained for the two different configurations, particularly in the intensity of the Drying-induced stresses. Validation of results is achieved by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The effect of Young’s modulus variation has been investigated. It was observed that Drying-induced stresses are highly affected by Young's modulus variations. According to the results, none of the simulation methods, can be regarded as a safer method in crack prediction. The changes in Young's modulus has no effect on the location of maximum stress, however, its timing is delayed.

One of the main goals of Drying agricultural crop is reduction of the moisture content and obtain optimum moisture in order to get maximum storage time and reduction of crop losses in the processing stage. Regarding to new science application and different methods of Drying, use of new methods such as Drying with infrared ray is necessary to be studied. In this study in order to determine effect of air temperature at three levels of 40, 50 and 60 ° C and ultimate paddy moisture at levels of %7-8, % 9-10 and %11-12 (based on dry weight) on Drying time and paddy husk percent of Tarom Hashemi was used rotary cylindrical drier of infrared in three replications. Besides, effect in three levels of temperature and moisture and two type crop of paddy and brown rice on some mechanical properties of the dried paddy were determined by instron apparatus in five replications. The results indicated that the studied factors temperature and moisture had a significant effect on Drying time. However, temperature and moisture factors hadn’ t significant effect on the husk present. Measurement of Mechanical properties of rice paddy after Drying indicated that among three factors: type crop (paddy and brown rice), moisture and temperature; two factors of type crop and moisture were more effective on mechanical properties. The obtained results of the research showed that optimum temperature of Drying and optimum ultimate moisture (based on dry weight) are 58/80 ° C degree and %7/5 and under such conditions optimum time of Drying was 74/73 minutes so that husk percent, break time and force were %21/53, 4/12 sec and 33/91 N respectively, besides size of displacement up to break point was 0/37 mm.